Which doctrine allows for warrantless searches of vehicles believed to contain incriminating evidence?

The Carroll Doctrine is specifically designed to allow law enforcement officers to conduct warrantless searches of vehicles when there is probable cause to believe that the vehicle contains evidence of a crime. This principle is rooted in the understanding that vehicles are inherently mobile and that any delay in obtaining a search warrant could result in the loss of evidence if the vehicle is moved or its contents are altered.

Under this doctrine, officers do not need to wait for a warrant if they have a reasonable belief that contraband or evidence is present in the vehicle. This diminishes the expectation of privacy in vehicles as compared to residences, recognizing the need for immediate action by law enforcement in certain situations.

The other doctrines mentioned are important in their own contexts but do not specifically address warrantless vehicle searches in the same way. The Plain View Doctrine allows officers to seize evidence without a warrant if it is in plain sight during a lawful observation. Exigent Circumstances permit warrantless entries in emergency situations, but not specifically for vehicles, and Stop and Frisk pertains to the ability to stop and search individuals for weapons based on reasonable suspicion, rather than vehicles per se.