What must a judge evaluate before issuing a search warrant?

A judge must evaluate probable cause based on sworn affidavits before issuing a search warrant. This requirement is grounded in the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which protects citizens against unreasonable searches and seizures. The judge assesses whether the information provided in the affidavits establishes a reasonable belief that a crime has occurred and that evidence related to that crime can be found at the location specified in the warrant. This process ensures that search warrants are not issued arbitrarily and that there is a legal basis for the search, protecting individuals' rights.

While evidence presented in court and witness testimonies may play a role in the larger legal context, they are not the primary focus at the warrant issuance stage. Additionally, while prosecuting attorneys may assist in the preparation of affidavits, their approval is not a necessary condition for a judge to issue a search warrant. The emphasis is firmly on the existence of probable cause supported by sworn affidavits to ensure constitutional compliance.