What does probable cause to search require?

Probable cause to search is fundamentally rooted in the need for trustworthy information that justifies a reasonable belief that seizable property is present. This concept ensures that law enforcement officers do not conduct searches arbitrarily but rather have a solid basis for their actions. Trustworthy information can come from various sources, including direct observations, reliable informants, or corroborative evidence that collectively leads an officer to believe that evidence of a crime is likely to be found in a specific location.

This emphasis on having reliable information aims to respect individuals' Fourth Amendment rights, protecting them from unreasonable searches and seizures. In contrast to the other options, which do not adequately capture this standard, this choice correctly highlights the balance between law enforcement needs and the rights of individuals. A witness to the crime, statements from the suspect, or legal counsel for the officer conducting the search do not necessarily provide the requisite level of reliable information needed to establish probable cause.