What constitutional amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures?

The Fourth Amendment is the constitutional provision that specifically addresses the protection against unreasonable searches and seizures. It establishes that individuals have a right to privacy and security in their persons, houses, papers, and effects. This amendment requires law enforcement to have probable cause and often a warrant to perform searches or make arrests, thereby safeguarding citizens from arbitrary governmental intrusions.

When it comes to the other amendments mentioned, while they represent important rights—such as freedom of speech in the First, the right to bear arms in the Second, and the right against self-incrimination in the Fifth—they do not pertain directly to the issue of search and seizure. Understanding the nuances of these amendments is critical for comprehending the broader context of individual rights and law enforcement's responsibilities under the Constitution.