In which case did the court rule on taking a person into custody based on an officer's probable cause?

The case that specifically addresses the issue of taking a person into custody based on an officer's probable cause is "US vs Mendenhall." This case established important legal principles regarding the scope of a lawful arrest and the circumstances under which an officer may detain an individual.

In "US vs Mendenhall," the Supreme Court examined whether the police had the requisite probable cause to arrest Mendenhall. The ruling clarified that a law enforcement officer's determination of probable cause is based on the totality of the circumstances known to the officer at the time of the arrest. The importance of this case lies in its contribution to understanding the balance between an individual’s rights and the law enforcement's duties in public safety contexts.

The other cases mentioned deal with different aspects of search and seizure law. For instance, "Florida vs Royer" focuses on the limitations of police questioning in an airport setting, "Terry vs Ohio" deals with the rationale of stop-and-frisk policies, and "Miranda vs Arizona" is centered on the requirement for law enforcement to inform suspects of their rights. While all these cases contribute to the overall framework of law enforcement procedures, "US vs Mendenhall" is specifically relevant to the question of probable cause for arrest.